Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or movement that can disrupt balance and daily functioning. Its causes of vertigo vary widely, but two of the most common are changes in head position and inner ear infections. Identifying these causes helps guide proper treatment and supports long-term recovery.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a frequent cause linked to changes in head position. It occurs when small calcium crystals in the inner ear become dislodged and move into areas that affect balance. People with BPPV often experience short bursts of vertigo when lying down, turning over in bed, or looking up. Though uncomfortable, BPPV is generally treatable with specific head movements known as canalith repositioning procedures, which help restore balance by moving the crystals back into place.
Another major cause of vertigo is inner ear infection, such as vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis. These infections cause inflammation in the balance structures of the inner ear, leading to sudden and severe vertigo episodes. Unlike BPPV, the spinning sensation may last for hours or even days and is often accompanied by nausea, imbalance, and sometimes hearing changes. Rest, anti-inflammatory medication, and vestibular rehabilitation exercises are often used to aid recovery.
Meniere’s disease also affects the inner ear and results in repeated vertigo episodes, along with ringing in the ears and hearing loss. While the exact cause of Meniere’s isn’t fully understood, it is believed to be related to fluid buildup in the inner ear. Managing Meniere’s often involves dietary changes, medication, and in some cases, more advanced therapies.
While these are among the most common causes, vertigo may also stem from head injuries, migraines, or neurological conditions. A thorough evaluation by a healthcare provider helps determine the exact cause.
Recognizing that vertigo often originates from the inner ear or changes in head position allows for more accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. With proper medical attention, most people can manage symptoms and return to normal activities.
